Many children remain stuck in counting-based arithmetic. This is one of the biggest hurdles in elementary school mathematics. The transition to efficient calculation strategies such as adding, decomposing, and skillfully combining numbers doesn't happen automatically; it requires targeted incentives. This is precisely where our approach comes in. Calculino to: a new learning game for iPad that encourages children in grades 1 to 3 to use numbers strategically – and have fun doing it.

Research on game-based learning shows almost universally positive findings compared to traditional learning materials (see Vogel et al., 2006; Wouters et al., 2013). Particularly in mathematics education, its potential is evident: educational games can enhance problem-solving skills, reduce math anxiety, and are especially effective for lower-achieving students. Crucially, the mathematical problems are not merely presented as such, but are an integral part of the game – arithmetic becomes a strategic tool within the game. This is also known as game-integrated learning. The game itself is the learning; learning is not simply "packaged" into a game.

Kalkulino consistently implements this principle: those who calculate skillfully win. Those who only count quickly lose track.

This is how the game works

Two players (or a child against the computer) take turns filling a row with game pieces. The first player to completely fill their row scores a point. On each turn, two numbers are available to choose from, which can be added to or removed from an opponent's row. Additionally, numbered pieces can be split by pressing and holding the button, and pieces from an opponent can be captured using the steal button.

The unique aspect: If you hit both your own target square and your opponent's simultaneously, you score two points. It's therefore worthwhile to keep an eye not only on your own row but also on your opponent's. This creates genuine decision-making situations in every turn, challenging strategic thinking, number decomposition, and complementary strategies.

Didactic background

Kalkulino specifically promotes basic skills that are crucial for moving beyond counting-based arithmetic: quickly grasping quantities, decomposing and supplementing numbers up to 5, 10, 15, and 20, and flexibly combining numbers. These skills are not only important for mental arithmetic but also form the foundation for all further mathematics instruction.

The game difficulty can be differentiated via various settings, so that Kalkulino can be used both in remedial and regular lessons.

Integration into the classroom

As with any educational game, Kalkulino isn't a game-changer. Its educational value comes from integrating it into lessons. Specifically, the following possibilities are available:

Analyze game situations: Individual game situations can be discussed in class – for example, using a worksheet or on the interactive whiteboard. The children consider: Which action is the most skillful? What happens if I add 5 instead of 9? Will that prevent the opponent from scoring a point?

Strategies are discussed: Through discussions about the game, children develop an awareness of their own calculation strategies. They explain and justify their decisions – thus fostering not only content-related but also process-related skills such as argumentation and communication.

Use regularly: Research shows that continuous use is significantly more effective than one-off use. Kalkulino is well-suited as a regular element in independent work periods or for partner work.

Availability

Kalkulino is available in the Apple App Store and optimized for iPad. Further information and materials can be found at [website address]. urff.app/kalkulino.